Improvement in making- tanning and dyeing-extracts



UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOEL TIFFANY, OF ALBANY, NEV YORK.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CARBURETING AND APPLYING AIR FOR LIGHTING ANDHEATING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 96,364, datedNovemberf, 1869.

.To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOEL TIFFANY, of the city and county of Albany, andState of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in theConstruction of Apparatus for Oarbureting and Applying Air for Lightingand I-Ieating-Purposes; and I hereby declare the following to be a falland exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,making a part of this specification.

My improvement is of a twofold character, embracing the mode ofproducing the gas, and the combination and arrangement of the means forapplying the same to the purposes desired.

The principle adhered to in the mode of generating the gas orcarbureting the air is seen in causing a current of air to pass overan'extended surface of liquid hydrocarbon, making the liquid surfacelarge, in proportion to the space occupied.

The improved apparatus herein described is constructed with a view tosuch an extended surface, admitting currents of air to pass freely oversuch surface.

In my said improvement I carburet the air no faster than is required foruse. When the use is required, to commence carbureting the air, and theuse ceases, to cease carbureting the air.

It is also another part of my said improvement, always to carburet theair in near proxiinity to the place of consumptiomby passing currents ofair over secure surfaces of the liquid used for such purpose.

In my improvement I provide for using the most volatile and combustiblehydrocarbons, such as gasoline, naphtha, benzine, dac., in such a manneras to make accidents from their use impossible; that is, vso as torender their use absolutely safe, even in the hands of the mostinexperienced.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure l is a representation of theinternal arrangement of an apparatus for carbureting the air, by causingcurrents over an extended surface of the liquid.

In this figure, (iig. 1,) c1, c a a a represent tt t t, to pass thenceup said tube, and out.

through the perforations t' t' t' t', over the surface of the liquid inthe basins c, a ce, &c.

The tube d CZ is attached t0 the upper part of the tube t t t at a', forthe purpose of raising or depressing the basins, for charging andy 4o}gerating them in the manner hereafter described.

The chamber f f, beneath the basins, is charged with the liquid carbonused, up to the line fy y, in iig. 1, through the lateral opening at e',at which point it may be so connected with another vessel, containingliquid r carbonas to be self-charging, as shown in Figure 2.

To the tube d d is attached the burner, with its stop-cock, as shown infig. 2. t

The top of the bent tube b @within the vessel, must be permanently abovethe line of the surface of the liquid in the chamber f f, so as toprevent the liquid from entering the air-tube I9 b, &c.

This apparatus is operated in the manner following:

The chamber f f being properly charged with the liquid hydrocarbon ashigh as the liney y, fig. l, the tube e is closed air-tight, so far asexternal air is concerned. If connected with a perpetual charger, as infig. 2, then the opening between the two vessels is maintained, as infig. 2.

By means of the pipe d d d passing through the packed joint sx, thebasins are depressed into the liquid in the chamber f f, and then raisedabove the same, so as to present numerous surfaces of the liquid to thecurrents of air passing over the same.

When these basins are in position, a current of air, passing through thebent tube b b tlnitml (ftent @strut @tithe BENJAMIN C. TILGHMAN, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVAIA.

Letters Patent No. 96,365, dated November 2, 1869; anteclatcd October30,l 1869,

IMPROVEMENT IN MAKING TANNING- AND DYEING-EXTRACTS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame To all whom tt may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMAN C. TLLGHMAN, ofthe city and countyot'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Making Tanning and Dyeing-Extracts; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

My invention consists in a process of extracting tanning anddyeing-materials from roots, barks, woods, and other vegetablesubstances, by digesting them with a solution of sulphnrous acid, inwaterhheated to the proper temperature, and, if necessary, contined in`a strong, close vessel, under pressure, so as to prevent the escape ot'the steam and acid gas.

In most cases, I have found the addition --of sulphitc ot' lime, or thesulphite of other suitable base, to be advantageous.

When open vessels are used, the acid lsolution should be weak, and theheat not exceeding 2120, Fahrenheit, or thereabouts, and a considerabletime is necessary to make a thorough extraction.

When stronger acid solutions, or higher temperatures are employed,close, strong vessels are necessary, and the action is more rapid.

The vegetable substance is to be treated with successive doses oftheacid solution, until the tanning or dyeing-material isthoroughly.extracted, and the acid solution is to be applied to,successive charges of the vegetable substance, so as to become wellsaturated with the material dissolved.

When properly charged with the tanningor dyeingmaterial, the acid liquidis to be run oii and boiled, so as to expel its acid gas. It may then beconcentrated by evaporation, in the usual manner. The acid gas drivenoti'is to be absorbed by cold water, and reused.

The following is a method of carrying my invention into elect, taking,for example, the case of logwood:

A strong vessel, of' any convenient size land shape, made of copper, orof iron lined with lead, is provided with a steam-jacket, and with thenecessary manholes, pipes, and cocks, for lilling and emptying, and alsowith a safety-valve, pressure-gauge, and thermometer.

It is to be about three-fourths filled with chipped lo'gwood, which isheld down by grating, and covered with a solution of sulphnrous acid, inwater, ot' specific gravity about 1.025, at4 60 Fahrenheit, in

which has been dissolved enough-sulphite of lime to raise its specificgravity to about 1.07.

' The vessel is then closed and heated by the steamjacket to about 260oFahrenheit, for about six or eight hours. The steam' is then shut ott',and the liquid extract is drawn oli' into a suitable covered vessel,where it is boiled by a close steam coil, until its acid gas isexpelled.

A ny remaining traces ot' acid may be neutralized byA carbonate 'oflime, and the extract concentrated by evaporation in the usual manner.The acid gas given oli' isto be absorbed by cold water, in suitablecondensers. l

The wood Aremaining in the digester is to be treated with severalsuccessive doses of water, to dissolve out the extract remainingabsorbed in its pores.

It would be advantageous to have. several vessels connected in a series,so that the partly-saturated solution could be digested withsuccessivecharges ot' wood, and the partly exhausted wood could betreated with successive charges of acid solution.

When operating at pressures not exceeding that of the atmosphere, I lusea solution of sulphnrous acid, of about speciic gravity 1.01, at 60Fahrenheit, in which has been dissolved as much sulphite of lime as itwill retain at 180 Fahrenheit, and maintain the temperature at about180O to 2000, Fahrenheit.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure vby Letters Patent,is-

The process of extracting tanning and dyeing-materials from roots,barks, woods, and other vegetable substances, by digesting them with asolution of sul- -phurous acid, in water, with or without the additionof sulphites, either in close vessels, at a high temperature andpressure; or at temperatures not exceeding 212 Fahrenheit, and atatmospheric pressures.

B. C. TILGHMAN.

Witnesses:

E. TILGHMAN, SAML. 1. J esas, J r.

